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IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF ARMINIUS. 



A DELIGHTSOME PILGRIMAGE. 






WILLIAM F. WARREN, D.D., LL.D., 

President of Boston University, 

Author of " Einleitung in die Systematische Theologie;" u The True 
Key to Ancient Cosmology and Mythical Geography;" 
" Paradise Found ; A Study of the Prehis- 
toric World, 1 ' etc., etc. 




NEW YORK: PHILLIPS &> HUNT. 

CINCINNATI: CRANSTON dr STOWE. 

1888. 









Copyright, iSSS, by 
PHILLIPS &. HUNT, 

New York. 



PREFACE. 



FT1W0 classes of persons, it is hoped, may 
-*- find pleasure and profit in the perusal of 
this little book. 

The first consists of those who, having read 
one or more of the biographies of Arminius, 
have come to feel a keen desire to learn what- 
ever more they may respecting the places and 
the personal influences in the midst of which 
so great a life was molded. By such readers 
each touch of local color in the following 
pages, each item of antiquarian information, 
will be accounted precious. 

The second class is made up of persons who 



4 Pkeface. 

have as yet read neither the works nor a 
biography of this eminent thinker, and who, 
in consequence of inherited or otherwise ac- 
quired misconceptions of his place in the his- 
tory of Christian teaching, feel no decided 
inclination to enter upon a personal investi- 
gation of his life and times. In the case of 
these it is hoped that the fugitive and partial 
glimpses here presented may, if in no other 
way, at least by their provoking inadequacy, 
prove an effectual incentive to the perusal of 
those larger works in which awakened curi- 
osity may find a fuller satisfaction. 

As to myself — and in introducing so small 
and so personal a book I must certainly be 
permitted to speak with the familiarity and 
directness of the first person singular — it was 
early in my theological studies that I became 
interested in the man whose youthful footsteps 



Preface. 5 

are here retraced. For a time I had some 
thought of preparing a new and complete 
edition of his works, and of writing a more 
modern and readable portraiture of his life 
and character than any we now possess. 

During my first residence in Europe, in the 
years 1856-58, I accordingly visited Oude- 
water and the other places associated with his 
life, examining both in public and private 
archives the few unpublished manuscripts 
from his pen of which I could find a trace. 
I conferred freely with the leading scholars of 
the Remonstrant or Dutch Arminian body, 
receiving from them courtesies which I can 
never forget. 

One of them, the Rev. Dr. H. C. Rogge, 
aad a short time before prepared — in Latin, 
as more current in the scholarly world than 
the Dutch — a new life of Arminius, the manu- 



6 Pkeface. 

script of which he kindly allowed me to bring 
to America. I also brought certain popular 
sketches of the pastoral life of Arminius pub- 
lished by the same, then young, historian, 
which a few months later I translated from 
the original Dutch, and published in a Cin- 
cinnati magazine. The duties of pastorates 
quite too heavy for my inexperienced powers 
forbade further progress at that period. 

In the year 1861 I returned to Europe, 
where I remained until 1866. There exacting 
duties of a new variety fully occupied my 
time, and when, at the expiration of the five 
years, I was recalled it was only to be charged 
with responsibilities heavier and more multi- 
farious than any previously borne. Thus busy 
years continually went by, each bringing such 
pressing present tasks that literary work of 
the historical and critical order became in- 



Pjreface. 7 

creasingly impracticable. As a natural conse- 
quence, the early thought of preparing a new 
edition of the writings of Arminius never ri- 
pened into a definite purpose, still less into un 
fait accompli. 

In a certain reminiscent mood in the sum- 
mer of 1880 I penned three journalistic arti- 
cles on remembered visits to shrines associated 
with the memory of the great Hollandic theo- 
logian, publishing them with notes in The 
Christian Advocate of New York. These ar- 
ticles and notes, corrected and enlarged, consti- 
tute the substance of the little volume here 
presented. Their statements are the more 
trustworthy from the fact that they have been 
carefully revised by one of the most distin- 
guished of the living representatives of the 
Arminian body in Holland, Professor C. P. 
Tiele, of the University of Leyden. To the 



8 Preface. 

kindness of this eminent scholar I owe im- 
portant suggestions, and it is a pleasure, in 
closing this prefatory note, publicly to ac- 
knowledge my obligation and to express my 
thanks. W. F. W. 

Boston, Mass. 



CONTENTS. 



Chapter Page 

I. In Oudewater 11 

II. In Utrecht 15 

III. In Marburg 17 

IV. In Leyden 19 

V. Up the Rhine 23 

VI. In Geneva 25 

VII. In Basel 27 

VIII. In Geneva Again 32 

IX. In Padua 35 

X. In Rome 43 

Notes 46 



IN THE 

FOOTSTEPS OF ARMINIUS. 



I 



I. 

IN OUDEWATER. 

T was a charming spring clay when I arrived at 
Oudewater, the birthplace of the man whose life 
and teaching had brought me to Holland. I knew 
the wasting Spaniards had left me nothing of the 
Oudewater of his boyhood — the lovely u opiclulum 
interfluente Isala" — and yet I wanted to stand on 
the consecrated soil which his feet first pressed, and 
to feel myself encompassed by the same landscape 
and sky-arch between which he woke to human con- 
sciousness. There were the same level fields, the 
quietly flowing Yssel, trees just like the trees his 
wondering eyes first looked upon, streets and lanes 
which undoubtedly followed the same lines as when, 
tugging at the skirts of his stout Dutch nurse, he first 
toddled through them. Among the houses nearly 
three hundred years old, it was easy to pick out one 



12 In the Footsteps of Arminius. 

and say, It must have been in such a house as this 
that the honest cutler lived to whom, on the tenth of 
October, 1560, little James was born. 1 Perhaps it was 
on this very site. And here, while yet the child was 
scarce beyond infancy, the good father died, and in a 
country convulsed and ravaged by civil war left the 
orphaned family to contend with poverty. His ashes 
doubtless rest in yonder ancient church-yard. Hither 
came that good man, Theodore iEmilius, sent of God 
to rescue the child of providential calling from the 
doom which awaited family and town. It was at 
such a door as this that the brother and sister parted 
from their youngest brother, and the weeping mother 
blessed the boy who could be hers no more. It was 
up this very street that the incarnate fiends of Alva 
poured, butchering defenseless women and children, 
and plying the torch to every human habitation. 
Hither, as soon as the tidings reached him up in 
Germany, hastened the boy of fifteen from his city 
of refuge. Here, alas ! the broken-hearted, utterly 
orphaned son could find nothing but the now cold 
ashes of his father's house covering the cold ashes 
of his darling mother, his brother, sister, and other 
kin. On what grief did this sky look down that 
day! With what heart desolation did that father- 
less, motherless, kindredless lad take his last look 
at his ash-strewn birthplace, and start out upon the 



In Oudewater. 13 

weary foot-journey of two hundred miles which 
should take him back to his safe retreat in the 
mountains of Hessia ! 

The stillness of the little town, as I approached it, 
was altogether fitting and helpful. I remember to 
this day how loud and unexpected a cock-crowing 
sounded, and how a hammer-stroke coming in above 
the ceaseless lulling undertone of insect life gave one 
the impression of a community in which there was 
but one working member. And how green with rich, 
dark, vital greenness were the surrounding trees and 
fields and gardens and road-sides. It was easy to 
think of a beautiful human life starting in such an 
environment — hard to think that such scenes of dia- 
bolical cruelty as are historically commemorated in 
painting in the Town-hall could ever have been wit- 
nessed in its lovely quietude. 2 

Wordsworth, musing upon the local and personal 
environment of his own child-life, discerned and 
gratefully acknowledged the providential ministry of 
both beauty and terror in the molding and attuning 
and advancing of his character. Doubtless the same 
Providence that knew so well how thus to produce a 
Wordsworth, had purposes of equal wisdom to be ful- 
filled by these contrasted influences which in child- 
hood fell on young Arminius, partly from nature's 
peace and loveliness, partly from the mad turbulence 



14 In the Footsteps of Aeminius. 

and murderous passions of men. In riper years be ; 
too, could well have sung : 

Dust as we are, the immortal spirit grows 

Like harmony in music ; there is a dark, 

Inscrutable workmanship that reconciles 

Discordant elements, makes them together cling 

In one society. How strange that all 

The terrors, pains, and early miseries, 

Regrets, vexations, lassitudes interfused 

Within my mind, should e'er have borne a part, 

And that a needful part, in making up 

The calm existence which is mine when I 

Am worthy of myself ! Praise to the end ! 

Thanks to the means which Nature deigned to employ ; 

Whether her fearless visitings, or those 

That came with soft alarm, like hurtless light 

Opening the peaceful clouds ; or she may use 

Severer interventions, ministry 

More palpable, as best might suit her aim. 



In Utkecht. 15 



II. 

IN UTRECHT. 

THEODORE JEMILIUS took his little ward to 
Utrecht, so straight to Utrecht I went from 
Oudewater. In what part of the city he lodged 
those troublesome days, of course, no one can tell. 
But here is the old cathedral of Saint Martin, under 
whose arches he certainly must have walked, won- 
dering with a boy's wonderment at an architecture 
so much surpassing any thing he had seen in his 
native hamlet. He must have looked upon the 
frowning fortress of Vreeburg, which Emperor 
Charles V. had built at the city gate to hold the 
patriot citizens in check. While here at school he 
lost his kind foster-father, and was alone in the 
strange old city. But Providence had not forgotten 
its charge. Rudolph Snell, a native of Oudewater, 
and a Professor of Philosophy and Mathematics at 
Marburg, in Hessia, was in Utrecht on a hasty visit, 
and finding the lad in destitution, took him to his 
home in Marburg. Scarce had they arrived at that 
place of safety when news came that the fiery tide 
of the war had rolled over quiet Oudewater, and 



16 In the Footsteps of Akminius. 

buried home, mother, and kindred forever from his 
sight. Despite the perils of the undertaking, the 
frenzied boy would hear of no dissuasion, and started 
for the desolated fatherland. As we have seen, he 
dropped his tears of loneliness over the spent pyre of 
his mother, visited, no doubt, the still identifiable 
grave of his father, and at last, footsore and weary, 
but safe from Spanish assassins, arrived again at the 
hospitable door in Marburg. 



In Makbukg. 17 



III. 
IN MARBURG. 

A MORE beautiful sanitarium for a bruised and 
broken spirit the Father of the fatherless himself 
could hardly have provided. Twice I visited this 
lovely retreat in the valley of the Lahn, where James 
Arminius spent his fifteenth year. In what refresh- 
ing contrast to the levelness and uniformity of Hol- 
land scenery stood out those wild surrounding hills ! 
"What healing charms for the heart-sick boy were in 
these ancient forests and this roaring river ! Above 
the town, upon the summit of the Schlossberg, stood 
the white stone castle of the Hessian margrave. 3 
Under the Gothic arches of its " Hall of Knights," 
only a few years before, the famous conference be- 
tween Luther and Zwingli had taken place. Doubt- 
less the very table on whose velvet cover Luther 
chalked his " HOC EST CORPUS MEUM " was 
still to be seen. Melanchthon, one of the members 
of the conference, had died the very year of the birth 
of Arminius. Here, too, was the new university, the 
first one ever founded by Protestants, and in 1575 less 

than fifty years of age. Through the kindness of his 
2 



18 In the Footsteps of Arminius. 

friend he had not only a home, but also the privilege 
of studying in the university. For the improvement 
of such opportunities Theodore ^Emilius had already 
prepared him. Some of his professors could doubt- 
less recall the memorable conference of princes and 
nobles and theologians and deputies at the castle in 
1529. How eagerly must that youth, destined to be- 
come the most famous theologian of his country, have 
drunk in these descriptions of the great reformers, 
and sought an understanding of their strange doc- 
trinal dissensions! At another time with what health- 
ful boyish enthusiasm he must have bared his head, 
and, with his young companions, waved his cap, as 
down through the town swept, with smoking steeds 
and armed out-riders and plumed postilions, the mar- 
grave's princely equipage ! In other moods, of a still 
Sunday, under the arches of the beautiful Church of 
Santa Elizabeth of Thuringen, how must his heart 
have ached over the tragic elements in her life and 
in his life, and have turned for comfort to her God 
and to his God ! 



In Leyden. 19 



IV. 
IN LEYDEN. 

NEXT year the lad was in his own country, at the 
new University of Leyden. To Leyden, of course, 
I did not fail I go. There I lived over again that 
wonderful siege which our own Motley has so vividly 
depicted. 1 recalled the noble choice of the heroic 
citizens when, in recognition of their bravery, Prince 
William of Orange offered them either exemption 
from taxation or the establishment of a university in 
their city. I saw in imagination the memorable civic 
and academic celebration at its inauguration, the in- 
genious symbolic figures and groups which repre- 
sented the different faculties in the grand procession, 
the enthusiasm of the newly emancipated nation 
rejoicing in its partial deliverance from a tyrant's 
power. I wondered not that, the news of all this 
reaching our refugees at Marburg, young James of 
Oudewater should yearn for his native land once 
more, and that, at the opening of the October term 
at Leyden, he should be found enrolled among the 
students. 

Here, in this walled and moated town — the most 



20 In the Footsteps of Arminius. 

ancient in the kingdom — for six years he pursued his 
studies. In Bertius, a reformed clergyman of Bot- 
terdam, God had given him a new friend and pa- 
tron, who provided for him as a father. And here 
stands to this day not only the very building in 
which Arminius pronounced in later years his mas- 
terly oration on the " Priesthood of Christ," and in 
which he taught theology, and in which he was in- 
augurated with imposing ceremonies as Rector Mag- 
nificus of the university, but also the older structure, 
the expropriated nunnery of Saint Agnes, the Falyde 
Bagynen Hof, occupied by the university from the 
day of Arminius's arrival till April 16, 1581. Here 
the lad was taught Hebrew by Beimecherus ; the- 
ology, philosophy, and the liberal arts by Feugeneus, 
Drusius, Danseus, and others. 4 Here, after 1577, he 
studied mathematics and astronomy under his dear 
old friend, Budolph Snellius, at that date called to a 
chair in Leyden. Here, in the ancient nunnery, the 
library of the university still remains. Up and down 
these very steps the boy student skipped daily three 
centuries ago, out of these windows he looked, under 
this roof he went in and out. Here is the very room, 
though we know not which, where crusty Professor 
Donellus lectured, and who, when the university was 
moved over the Bapenburg to its present quarters, 
refused to go with it, and continued business " at the 



In Leyden. 21 

old stand." Here are the old churches with which 
the boy must have been familiar — Saint Pancras, built 
in 1230 ; the cathedral of Saint Peter, dating from 
1112, in which his own ashes were one day to rest. 
Who can tell how many times, with fellows-students 
of classic history, he climbed the " Burcht," the ruin 
of an ancient castle in the center of the town, and re- 
called the far-off years of the first Christian century, 
when, according to a dubious tradition, Ley den was 
the Lugdunum Batavorum of the Romans? Rem- 
brandt and the other great artists of Leyden birth, 
who have done so much to immortalize Netherlandic 
art, were not yet born, but in the old Stadhuis there 
is still a " crucifixion " by Engelbrechtsen, on which 
young Arminius must have gazed with admiration. 
Barren and plain must have been the new Senate 
Hall of the university upon its first occupancy in 
1581 ; now it is adorned w r ith portraits of the profes- 
sors from the earliest to the latest deceased. Niebuhr, 
recalling the illustrious men who have here labored, 
affirms that no spot in Europe is so memorable in the 
history of science as this same venerable hall. In 
those years young Arminius little knew in what cele- 
brated company his own portrait would one day hang 
upon those walls ; still less that, more famous than 
any Salmasius or Scaliger or Boerhaave or Grotius, 
his own name was, three centuries later, to be the 



22 In the Footsteps of Arminius. 

loadstone to draw pilgrims across continents and seas 
to visit the shrines of his nativity and life-work. 

The little we know of Armimus as a student in 
Leyden is very trustworthy, having been reported to 
us by a fellow-student who lived under the same 
roof, and perhaps occupied the same room — a son of 
Bertius, his patron. From his account it is plain 
that the young man of Oudewater commanded the 
highest respect both among students and professors. 
His early bereavements had not rendered him morbid 
and gloomy. Under the influence of the kind friends 
whom God had given him he developed a bright and 
genial character. With chosen companions he cul- 
tivated the muses of authorship. He wrote poetry 
as well as prose. And such were his gifts and graces 
and scholarship that, as the six years drew to their 
close, the authorities of the university made such 
representations to certain authorities of Amster- 
dam that these decided to assume the expense of 
sending the promising young magister to Geneva, in 
Switzerland, then the seat of the most famous theo- 
logical school in the whole Calvinistic world. With 
him we turn our faces southward, ascend the storied 
Khine, exchange the dunes and stagnant canals of 
Holland for the cascades and torrents and wild gran- 
deurs of the distant Alps. 5 



Up the Rhine. 23 



V. 

UP THE RHINE. 

THE experiences of young Arminius on his journey 
up the long Rhine valley in 1582, and on his return 
down the same in 1586, are wholly left to our imag- 
ination. How often in ascending and descending the 
storied stream did I wish he had left an itinerary ! 
We can only conjecture the historic spots he stopped 
to visit, and the emotions which were called out by 
the castled steeps, the vine-clad terraces, the ancient 
towns, the smiling vales, the picturesque villages and 
imperial cities above Cologne. The best help toward 
a reproduction of the travel and of the sights of 
that time which I could obtain was the diary of 
Wolfgang JVIever, one of the members of the un- 
happy Synod of Dort, who, some thirty years after 
the tours of Arminius, made, and described with 
conscientious care, his downward journey from Basel 
to Dordrecht. The curious old book is now before 
me, but to attempt, by its aid, to follow Arminius 
through the keen experiences which must have been 
his on the way from Leyden to Geneva would 
require more time than we can command. Besides, 



24 In the Footsteps of Aeminius. 

the emotions of a highlander descending that historic 
water-way from the beauties and the memories of 
the Upper and the Middle Valley could never repre- 
sent the emotions of a lowlander making for the iirst 
time the ascent. 



In Geneva. 25 



VI. 

IN GENEVA. 

WITH most tourists arriving in Geneva thoughts 
of Calvin dominate all others. As for me, I 
wanted to avail myself of the associations of the 
place, not merely to live over again the times of 
Calvin, but also to enable myself to revivify to mind 
and imagination the times of Calvin's great disciple, 
Beza, and those of Beza's greater disciple, Arminius. 
Here the question first dawned upon me, whether, if 
Arminius's calling had not led him to become the 
greatest theologian of his generation, he would not 
have become its greatest philosopher? No one can 
patiently investigate the hints and intimations which 
throw light upon the character and progress of his 
philosophic opinions and studies, without seeing that 
he was in a fair way to anticipate the work and the 
fame of that later Leyden thinker, " the father of 
modern philosophy," Des Cartes. Already in his 
twenty -first year when he arrived in Geneva, he had 
mastered not only the scholastic philosophy of the 
day, of which the chief corner-stone was Aristotle, 
but also the writings of the leading critic of that 



26 In the Footsteps of Arminius. 

system, Peter Ramus (Pierre Ramee), whose gradua- 
tion thesis was this proposition : U A11 things whatsoever 
Aristotle hath said are false." His fame as a master 
in these matters had reached the city before him. 
Soon after entering the university, at the urgent and 
repeated request of fellow-students, Arminius agreed 
to give, in his own lodgings, a few Latin lectures 
upon philosophy. He began, but such was the sen- 
sation they created that, according to his biographers, 
the regular professor of that chair invoked the pro- 
tection of the faculty, and Arminius was directed to 
desist from his private instruction or withdraw from 
the institution. The fame of the University of Basel 
(Basle), beyond the Jura, being just then in the 
ascendant, he chose to withdraw for a season, and to 
betake himself from French to German Switzerland, 
from the valley of the Rhone to the valley of the 
Rhine. 6 



In .Basel. 27 



VII. 
IN BASEL. 

BEFORE me as I write lie twelve beautiful pho- 
tographic views just arrived from home-like old 
Basel. How vividly they recall to mind the impres- 
sions of my first visit to that city of royal name ! 
Kindly introduced by letter of the venerated Tholuck 
to Professor Hagenbach, I was compelled to receive 
attentions and courtesies embarrassing in their abun- 
dance and heartiness. The genial professor insisted 
on being my valet de place, and under his guidance 
how keen was my enjoyment of the antiquities of the 
city ! Alas ! in like manner as we stood by the grave 
of Arminius's learned compatriot, Erasmus, and talked 
of the significance of his heraldic motto, " Terminus" 
so men are already standing above the graves of both 
Hagenbach and Tholuck, and discussing the signifi- 
cance of the watchwords of their lives and works. 
From each, happily, I have treasured mementoes, in 
works written, inscribed, and presented by their own 
hand. How I wished that the antiquarian lecture 
which Hagenbach permitted me to hear him deliver 
in the university had only been upon " Arminius and 



28 In the Footsteps of Akminius. 

the faculty by whom he was instructed in Basel in 
the winter oi 1582-83 ! " 

At the date of Arminius's sojourn here Erasmus 
had been dead less than fifty years. Both had spent 
boyhood years in Utrecht ; both must have played in 
the meadows of Gouda, and admired the Groote Kerh 
of Saint John ; both were born in October, though 
nearly a century apart ; both fell on troublous times, 
and coming to Basel strangers were received as 
friends. As I paced the pavement of the ancient 
cathedral, under which Erasmus was laid with hon- 
ors by the grateful city, and as I trod thoughtfully 
up and down the shady terrace adjoining, and looked 
down upon Klein-Basel beyond the river and drank 
in all the lovely view, I could but think that young 
Arminius sometimes turned hither his footsteps and 
thought tenderly of his gifted countryman, and won- 
dered whether the same shady terrace was not a fa- 
vorite resort of his in those last years, when torturing 
gout had prohibited extended walks for exercise. 
This at least I knew: that I was standing where the 
young Netherlandic student must often have stood, 
and was looking far down on a stream which he could 
not forget emptied part of its Alpine waters into the 
far-off Northern Ocean through channels that passed 
through dear old Utrecht, and yet dearer, older 
Leyden. 7 



In Basel. 29 

The Bnxtorfs, who later gave such fame to Basel 
in respect to Hebrew learning, and who were also a 
Nether- Rhenish, if not a Netherlands family (Bock- 
strop), were not yet here. John, the father of them 
all, a " Christmas child," was four years younger than 
Arminius, and at this very time was studying at Ar- 
minius's old retreat, the University at Marburg. He 
came to Basel to continue his studies the year of Ar- 
minius' s ordination — 1588. From this place, on learn- 
ing of Arminius's death, he wrote memorable words 
of eulogy. 8 

Only thirteen years before the visit of Arminius, 
Pierre Ramee, then perhaps in the zenith of his fame, 
resided for some months in Basel. He lodged with 
Catherine Petit, the very woman with whom John 
Calvin had lodged in the same city at the time when 
he composed his immortal Institutes. With what 
eagerness must Arminius have sought out the house 
doubly enriched by such associations ! 

He can hardly have failed to make the acquaint- 
ance of James Meyer, pastor of Saint Albans, and 
assistant pastor at the Minster. This man was of 
famous ancestry, and his wife, Agnes, was a daughter 
of the reformer Capito, and of the more famous and 
brilliant woman, Wibrand Rosenblatt, who was suc- 
cessively the wife of Keller, CEcolampadius, Capito, 
and Bncer. If Arminius occasionally spent an even- 



30 In the Footsteps of Akmlnius. 

ing with them, he doubtless saw the five-year-old 
boy, Wolfgang, the future delegate to Dort, to whose 
journey down the Rhine we have already alluded. 
In his eightieth year this cathedral preacher preached 
a funeral sermon over one who had suddenly died, 
taking for a text the passage, " As the tree falleth, so 
it shall lie." At the close of the discourse he fell 
suddenly backward, and died himself in the pulpit. 

The dean of the theological faculty at this time, 
and apparently the leading spirit, was John James 
Grynseus. He was Professor of Sacred Literature. 
With Arminius he was delighted. When every 
other student in his class was posed by some difficult 
question, he loved to throw himself back in his stout 
chair and cry, " Let my Hollander answer for me ! " 
When his Hollander left the university to return to 
Geneva, in 1583, GrynaGus gave him a beautiful let- 
ter of commendation " To all pious readers,'' which 
fortunately has been preserved. 9 

Grynaeus was not the only one to receive a favora- 
ble impression of young Arminius. It is a singular 
proof of the young man's natural and evident leader- 
ship that in the spring or early summer of this first and 
only year of his residence the faculty of the university 
should have requested him to deliver a public course 
of lectures before the students of the university. It 
seems to have been a kind of providential recompense 



In Easel. 31 

and offset for the suspicious and churlish action of the 
faculty at Geneva. He consented, and acquitted him- 
self so handsomely in a course upon the Epistle of 
Paul to the Romans that the faculty tendered him an 
immediate promotion to the Doctorate in Sacred The- 
ology. This he modestly declined on the ground of 
his youth, and the way being now open to return to 
Geneva with honor and fresh commendation, he did 
so, and, once re-established there, he soon became al- 
most as great a favorite with Beza as he had been 
with Grynseus. 10 



32 In the Footsteps of Arminius. 



VIII. 

IN GENEVA AGAIN. 

AT Geneva I was in time to enjoy the hospitalities 
of glorious Merle d'Aubigne. Alas! over his 
life, too, the heraldic motto of Erasmus has since 
been written. In far less than three centuries stu- 
dents of antiquated histories of the Reformation will 
probably search as vainly for any relic or trace of his 
residence here as I did for traces of the sojourn of 
Arminius. More emphatically than we can well 
realize " one generation goeth and another cometh." 
Happy for him on whose marble tablet, as on his at 
Coligny, in place of "died," it may be written, "Rap- 
pelle a Dieu." u 

Here two scenes particularly impressed themselves 
upon my imagination. Were I a painter I could re- 
produce them again in every line and shading. The 
one was, Arminius at the grave of Calvin; the 
other was, Arminus on the spot where Servetus was 
burned. 

It was natural, and only natural, that at times my 
fancy should busy itself in reproducing the outer life 
of the student I had followed so closely, should 



In Geneva Agaix. 33 

picture him in the well-filled lecture-rooms of Beza, 
Faius, and Casaubon ; in his student-chamber poring 
over his well-worn Greek and Hebrew Testaments; 
in his occasional recreative boat-ride on placid Leman ; 
in his Saturday walk to cool Saleve ; in his vacation 
tours through Chamouny and over the Tete-Xoire ; 
in his Sunday devotions under Saint Pierre's historic 
arches — but evermore my hurrying thoughts would 
come back to Calvin's grave, and say, " Yes, here he 
must have stood ;" and to that Aceldama of Ser- 
vetus, and repeat, " Yes, here, right here, he 
must have stood also." In the presence of such 
pictures what impertinences seemed the modern 
reminiscences of Rousseau and Voltaire and Byron 
and Gibbon, which guide and guide-books were con- 
tinually thrusting upon me ! 12 

But young Arminius is still hungering for knowl- 
edge. He has completed his studies in the chief 
university of the Calvinistic world. He has won the 
high esteem and honor of famed men. But before 
he can return forever to the far-off lowlands on the 
North Sea he must hear the illustrious Zabarella, of 
Padua, the foremost living lecturer of the world on 
the principles of Aristotle. He who had been ac- 
cused of undue attachment to Ramee now shows his 
grand docility of nature and catholicity of spirit by 

setting out from the city where he first drew this 
3 



34 In the Footsteps of Arminius. 

accusation upon himself, and seeking beyond the 
Alps, in papal Padua, the latest utterances of con- 
temporaneous philosophy. 13 In the company of a fel- 
low-student — Adrian Junius, a student of law, after- 
ward an eminent member of the Netherlands Senate 
— he makes a prosperous journey across the Alpine 
passes, and reaches his place of destination. 



In Padua. 35 



IX. 

IN PADUA. 

SO I went to Padua. In less than half an hour 
after my arrival at the railway station I was in 
the vast library of the ancient university, elbow-deep 
in its manuscript and printed archives. 11 My curios- 
ity had long been piqued to find out something about 
this Jacobo Zabarella, the philosopher who, right upon 
the heels of the Reformation, could draw Protestant 
students by scores over the high Alps to attend a 
Roman Catholic university. What was it in his 
teaching which made young Arminius feel he must 
sit at his feet before he could return to serve his 
generous patrons, even though there was not time to 
secure their previous permission ? No writer on the 
life of Arminius had ever given me the slightest sat- 
isfaction. Now, on the very ground, I would see what 
I could find out for myself. 15 

The task was not altogether simple. First I lighted 
upon old Francisco, first of note in the family, later 
Archbishop of Florence, cardinal, and once almost 
elected a pope. But he belonged too far back, and, 
as an ecclesiastic, could not, of course, be supposed to 



36 In the Footsteps of Akminius. 

have a son Jacobo, or a son of any other name. Then, 
to my bewilderment, I investigated other representa- 
tives of the family, until it appeared that there had 
been no less than eleven Zabarellas professors of law 
in Padua. At last, in the ancient histories and dis- 
courses of Antonio Riccoboni, Giacomo Tomasini, 
Giambattista Contarini, Giuseppe Vedova, Carlo Pa- 
tino, Francisco Maria Colle, I got upon the trail of 
Jacobo and found my feast. His complete works, if 
I rightly remember, were not in the collection, but I 
elsewhere found the titles of them all. I learned 
that the distinguished lecturer was a native of the 
city, born September 5, 1533 ; that he was a magister 
at tw r enty, Professor of Logic in 1563, and of philos- 
ophy from 1578 till his death in 1589, three years 
after the coming of Arminius. He evidently wielded 
a powerful influence outside of the academic sphere. 
He was employed by the city in a very important ne- 
gotiation with the Venetians, and discharged his du- 
ties so satisfactorily that, in addition to large pay to 
him, the government voted from the public treasury 
one thousand gold ducats as a dowry for his youngest 
daughter. Emperor Maximilian created him a Comes 
Palatinus, and Emperor Ferdinand afterward made 
the high distinction hereditary in the family. The 
king of Poland tried to secure him by large offers of 
money and honor, but in vain. The auditoriums of 



In Padua. 37 

the university could not hold the students who 
thronged to hear him. As to his personal looks my 
authorities disagreed. Tomasini represented him as 
positively good-looking — " spectabilis vultu ; " but 
elsewhere I read that in the Imperial Museum His- 
toricum he was represented of a "Ji?ister?i, wilden, 
unci gemeinen " expression ! Weeks afterward, one 
sweltering day in Paris, in the National Library, I 
succeeded in unearthing the aforesaid Museum and 
the truly sinister likeness. I also succeeded in mak- 
ing in my pocket-book an even more unflattering 
pen-and-ink copy of it. His good wife, Elisabetta 
Cavaceja, would certainly decapitate me could her 
ghost materialize long enough to get a glimpse of 
what is at this moment probably the only attempt at 
a likeness of her illustrious husband in the New 
World. 

Zabarella left six sons and three daughters, for all 
of whom he is said to have constructed horoscopes. 
For, like Galileo, this greatest Aristotelian of his 
generation was a devout believer in astrology. Just 
before his death he pointed out to his hearers the 
malign star under whose fatal influence he predicted 
he should fall. The funeral eulogy of Eiccoboni is 
still extant. The professor's eldest son, Julio, be- 
came a famous man, and from an entry in an old 
book of annals, under the year MDXCIV, I inferred 



38 In the Footsteps of Arminius. 

that in the Faculty of Arts the father must have been 
followed by a Jacobo, Jr., who made things lively for 
his colleagues. 16 

Anon I wandered through the city. Yonder on 
the north lay the calm Euganean Hills, touched by 
the waning lights of an Italian day. How familiar 
must have been that lovely sky-line to the eye of 
the young lowlander, who knew that in a few months 
more he must bid an eternal farewell to hill and 
mountain scenery ! Did he not once and again scale 
their picturesque heights, and visit the last residence 
and the tomb of Petrarch? Did he not sit in the 
poet's chair, and study on the walls the frescoes of 
the singer and of his Laura ? Did he not go to the 
balcony, and gaze out upon the sweet scenery on 
which Petrarch loved to gaze two hundred years 
before ? Did he not catch some soft poetic mood as 
he lingered and gazed, and gazed and lingered, in the 
witchery of that soft Italian landscape ? Did not the 
sand dunes of Holland and the decrees of Calvin 
come to look terribly prosaic and repulsive in this 
soft, rich, almost voluptuous, light ? Came there not 
a vision to the young man, who long before had felt 
poetic stirrings — a vision of a life of freedom, love, 
song, enjoyment of the beautiful ? Came there, then, 
not one thought of duty which was irksome, one 
galling recollection of his contract with the kind but 



In Padua. 39 

dull and stolid burghers of the now expectant Am- 
sterdam Senate ? Along with the bitter realization 
of the dependence of his whole orphaned life so far, 
woke there not a dream of what it would be to claim 
for himself his time and powers — to sing immortal 
sonnets, like Petrarch, at the feet of Laura ; to be an 
artist over yonder on the Arno ; to inaugurate a new 
philosophy, and, like honored Zabarella, draw all 
young Europe to his feet ? Ah, James, history tells 
no such tale on thee ; but if up yonder in Petrarch's 
balcony, gazing by the half hour out over the great 
valley, thou knewest nothing at all of such an expe- 
rience, surely better angels attended thee than are 
vouchsafed to most. 

Zabarella was buried in the famous church of Saint 
Antonio di Padova. To this I hastened. The tomb 
of the philosopher interested me, but less than that 
of the gentle saint to whom the fane belonged, and 
whose child-like soul was so full of love to Jesus 
Christ and of the love of nature that he talked of 
redemption to beast and bird, and preached to fishes 
in the brooks, wishing in all literal ness to preach the 
Gospel to every creature. There in his silver shrine, 
beneath an altar fair with carved marble and rich 
pictures and burning tapers, slumbers in peace and 
honor the mortal part of this humblest, and therefore 
greatest, historic representative of a redemption 



40 In the Footsteps of Aeminius. 

strictly universal in God's purpose. And as I saw a 
reverent peasant drop upon his knee and press a kiss 
upon the bright silver surface, and utter a word of 
prayer or thanksgiving, I almost followed his exam- 
ple, partly from the love I bore to quaint old An- 
thony, but more from the realization, which just then 
suddenly came over me, that here in his youth the 
great historic Netherlandic champion of the unlimit- 
edness of Christ's atonement must have acquainted 
himself with Anthony's life, and must, unconsciously, 
have received from it — who knows w r hat impression ? 
Thenceforth, as a match-piece for my picture of Ar- 
minius at the grave of Calvin, I hung up in the 
gallery of my imagination Arminius at the shrine 
of Saint Anthony. 

Again I was in the streets. They were growing 
still, as evening deepened into night. All new tilings 
looked dim and old. I seemed to be walking the 
streets of an older Padua, three hundred years agone. 
A little way before me I seemed to see two young 
men in lively conversation. They were in student 
garb, with broad-brimmed hats ^and robes of black. 
The tongue in which they spoke so eagerly was Latin, 
and as, aided by the growing stillness of the city, I list- 
ened I discovered that the speakers were two young 
men whom Zabarellahad drawn to Padua, the one over 
the high Alps, the other over the Apennines. The 



In Padua. 41 

one was born by the cold North Sea, the other on 
the banks of the yellow Tiber. Here at the feet of a 
common master they had met, and learned to know 
and love each other. And just now the youth of 
Rome was descanting upon the wonders of the seven- 
hilled city; upon its venerable antiquities, upon its 
art, upon its history, upon its great Saint Peter's, 
now in process of construction, grandest temple of the 
Christian world. Suddenly they paused at an ancient 
door-way, exchanged their friendly good-nights, and 
parted — the Roman youth to mount to his chamber, 
the other to pursue his longer way to humbler 
lodgings. 

The latter I followed as under some strange spell. 
Presently he stopped short upon the pavement, and I 
heard him exclaim to himself, " James, thou shalt see 
Rome. The trusty feet which in boyhood bore thee 
safely from Oudewater to Marburg can bear thee from 
Padua to Rome. Thou shalt see the splendors of the 
world's metropolis. Thou shalt face for thyself its 
4 Mystery of Iniquity.' " 

My draped figure vanished ; but as I came to the 
public square of the Prato, and seated myself in the 
deserted silence, I soon had other visions. I saw 
Arminius arranging with Adrian Junius, his com- 
panion, for their farther journey. I saw Count Za- 
barella, the illustrious, give him a letter of specially 



42 In the Footsteps of Abminius. 

cordial introduction to Bellarmine, not yet cardinal, 
but greatest of theologians in the Roman Church. I 
saw the professor playfully, and yet not by any means 
altogether playfully, in parting, exhort his young 
Calvinist to improve the opportunity to make his 
submission to the Holy Father, and to come back into 
the bosom of the only true Church. I saw the youth 
playfully, and yet not by airy means altogether play- 
fully, produce the Greek Testament and Hebrew 
psalter, which history tells us he read daily in all his 
Italian journey ings, and point his honored professor 
to that talisman. I saw him bid farewell to Padua 
forever ; saw him take his way down through fair 
Ferrara, full of Tasso ; on to famed Bologna, home 
of learning ; over the wild Apennines to Florence in 
its Medicaean splendor ; on to Perugia and the seats 
of old Etruria's prehistoric civilization ; on past 
Thrasymene's storied lake and Terni's matchless fall; 
on, till all the splendors of the Eternal City lay be- 
neath the raptured gaze of Oudewater's child of 
destiny. 



Ax Rome. 43 



X. 
AT ROME. 

ANON I was myself in Rome, and alone, high in 
the Capitoline tower, I looked silently down on 
all that had charmed Arminius's eye and fired his 
Netherlandic pulses. And I seemed to see him en- 
riched with mental pictures of surpassing beauty, 
laden with new knowledge, broadened with cosmo- 
politan sympathies, the narrowness of his early edu- 
cation insensibly outgrown, as now from the Porta 
del Popolo he departed from the world's metropolis. 
I saw him as on the northern hills he turned to take 
his farewell look at all that loveliness and glory. 
And there I blessed him. In my heart I said : a Go, 
chosen child of Providence ! Go without one back- 
ward look, one brief regret. God hath grand work 
for thee. From the hour of birth his hand hath 
been upon thee. Thou wast suffered to be father- 
less and motherless only that thou mightest be the 
more completely his. To fit thee for thy providen- 
tial calling he hath taken thee from land to land, 
and given thee the best wisdom of the world. And 
thou hast been found faithful. Docilely hast thou 



41 In the Footsteps of Arminius. 

learned each lesson and treasured every inspiration. 
In the balcony of Petrarch, thy Mons Tentationis, 
thou didst triumph. Here in the palaces of pope 
and cardinal thou hast not yielded to their blandish- 
ments. Forward, then, not backward, bend thy 
gaze. God is with thee. I see thee welcomed to 
thy native land ; see thee the most celebrated 
preacher in a mighty city whose commerce fills the 
world ; see thee first doctor on the immortal rolls 
of Leyden ; see thee the husband of a new Saint 
Elizabeth and father of happy children. Beyond 
these things I see God using thee to liberalize a 
nation's Church ; yea, more, a Church of nations — 
using thee to strike off from both the absurd, the 
blasphemous limitations which narrow dogmatists 
have placed on God's impartial and exhaustless 
love. I see thy leavening word permeating the 
world from generation to generation, until from the 
ends of the earth reverent pilgrimages shall be 
made to thy resting-place, and millions love to do 
thee honor." 17 

Two centuries and a half after the departure of 
that precious youth from the Porta del Popolo, 
President Wilbur Fisk, the saintly head of the first 
Arminian university in the world, and an honored 
representative of millions of American Christians, 



At Rome. 45 

was bowing at the burial vault of James Arminius 
in the cathedral of Saint Peter at Ley den, and all 
my, Roman benediction and prophecy had come 
true. 



Et nunc pater no nidus additum ttmplo 
Deum precaris, det gregi suo lucem 
Hie quanta satis est, hac det esse contentum; 
Det non loquentes sua reperta doctor es ; 
Det consonantes semper omnium linguas y 
Aut corda saltern : pnvpotente vi ftammce 
Caliginosas litium fuget sordes; 
Ut spiret unum tota civitas Christi, 
Vitamque terris approbet, fidem cmlo. 

— Hugo Grotius. 



46 In the Footsteps of Akminius— Notes. 



notes 



1 The credit of determining the exact day of the birth of 
Arminius is due to the learned Arminian historian and divine, 
the Rev. Dr. H. C. Rogge, Librarian-in-chief of the Univer- 
sity Library, Amsterdam. Students of Dutch history in this 
period will find his work in three volumes, entitled Johannes 
Uyteribogaert en sijn Tijd (Amsterdam, 1874), of great value. 

2 At the date of Arminius's birth not a Protestant sermon 
had yet been preached in Oude water. His baptism must have 
been at the hands of the parish priest, and before an altar 
still adorned with pictures and crucifix. Down to his sixth 
year no wandering herald of the reformed faith had invaded 
the province of Holland. That year came the first, as plain 
and heroic a man as any itinerant or local preacher that ever 
invaded a staid New England town. His name was Jan 
Arents, and he was a basket-maker by trade. The following 
year, 1567, he and the future father-in-law and the future 
wife of Arminius, then a young girl, were compelled to flee 
the country to save their lives. Their flight by water to Em- 
den was one of the most romantic episodes in the history of 
the Dutch Reformation. 

s The castle still occupies its ancient site. For some years 
it was used as a common penitentiary, but an enlightened 
public spirit has rescued it from so ignoble a service, and pro- 
vided for its preservation as a precious historical monument. 
The "Rittersaal," in which the memorable disputation took 
place, has been restored and decorated according to its ancient 



In the Footsteps of Arminius — Notes. 47 

style, and in other parts of the building the state archives of 
the Prussian Province of Hessia are now preserved. 

4 The following were the first theological professors at Ley- 
den : Guilielmus Feugeraeus (Feugeray), the first rector, 1575- 
79; Johannes Bollius, only one year, 1577-78, studied at Lou- 
vain ; Hubertus Sturmius, 1579-83. studied at Heidelberg; 
Lambertus Danreus, 1581-82, studied at Geneva; Johannes 
Holraannus, 1582-80. At the opening of the university in 
February, 1575, the elder Ludovicus Capellus was present 
uuder appointment as Professor of Theology, and delivered 
his inaugural oration; but he left soon after, probably with- 
out delivering a single course of lectures, to return to France. 
It is pleasant to associate Arminius and his academic alma 
mater, even thus distantly, with the later Ludovicus, of 
Saumur. 

5 A comparison of the archives of the two universities shows 
that Lambert Daneau (Danasus), after serving as Professor of 
Theology in Geneva 1573-81, filled the same office in Ley den 
1581-82. It is only natural to suppose that he may have ex- 
erted some influence to bring about the sending of Arminius 
to Geneva. In the history of theological encyclopedia and 
methodology Danseus is famous as the first writer to treat 
Christian ethics as an independent science. As in 1582 he 
returned to Geneva, Arminius may have enjoyed his company 
on the journey. 

6 The above is the sole reason given by the biographers of 
Arminius for his removal to Basel. I cannot help thinking, 
however, that the feeling of the faculty against him has been 
grossly exaggerated. The " Spanish " professor, to whom the 
younger Brandt ascribes the beginning of the opposition, can 
be no other than Petrus Galesius; but the official records of 
the university show that he did not become a professor at 
Geneva until a year after this time. The personal relations of 



4S In the Footsteps of Arminius — Notes. 

Arminius to the faculty after his return in 1583 seem alto- 
gether inconsistent with the common account of his departure. 
Moreover, there is indubitable evidence that at the time Ar- 
minius went to Basel nearly all the other students at Geneva left 
the city. This fact has never before been alluded to in this 
connection. In the university register, kept by the rector, we 
find this entry: " Jacobus Arminius Veteraquinas. Theol. 
stud, ipsis Cal. Januarii 1582." After five more similar 
entries we come upon the following invaluable note, almost 
the only one in a roll of students covering more than three 
hundred years: "Anno 1582 Cal. Iulii regendse scholse pro- 
vincia in biennium proximum Anto. Faio iterurn commissa 
est. Eodem tempore, propter varios belli rumores et vicinidm 
totam armis adversum nos trementem, studiosi fere omnes ur-be 
cesserunt, paucique advenerunt.^ This precious record shows 
that just at the time of Arminius\s withdrawal the university 
was nearly or quite suspended in consequence of the local 
wars. How interesting to find in this ancient register the 
names of Cromhout, B} T sius, Brederodius, and Crucius, known 
to have been friends of Arminius at this time; also that of 
Adrian Junius (here written Tjongius), the law student with 
whom he afterward made his tour of Italy. 

7 In the year 1622 the municipal government of Rotterdam 
erected in their chief market-place the bronze statue of Eras- 
mus, which one may still see in its place. He stands arrayed 
in his doctor's hat and toga, turning the leaves of the precious 
book which he helped to restore to the Church. If the ob- 
server can read Dutch he can decipher the following quaint 
inscription: " Here rose the great sun that set at Basel. May 
that imperial town honor and celebrate the saint in his tomb ; 
the city that gave him birth gives him this second life. But 
the luminary of the languages, the spirit of morality, the 
glorious wonder that shone in charity and peace and divinity, 
is not to be honored by a mausoleum nor to be rewarded by a 
statue. Hence must the heavenly vault alone cover Erasmus, 



In the Footsteps of Arminius — Notes. 40 

whose temple scorns a more limited space." A smaller statue, 
also, adorns the house in which he was born, and which bears 
the felicitous inscription : " Hoec est parva domus, magnus qua 
natus Erasmus." Professor Tiele informs me that in the mar- 
ket-place, before the erection of the bronze, "there was a 
statue of sandstone, much damaged by the Spaniards. Among 
the Calvinists there was great indignation against this ' idol, 1 
as the}' called it, and one of the Arminian preachers of the 
time, probably Hollingerus, wrote a humorous petition in 
which Erasmus calls upon the burgomasters and councilors to 
vindicate his ancient rights! " 

8 Quite recently it has interested me to discover that the 
long before half-paralyzed but still active Thomas Lieber, in 
Latinized form Erastus, the father of the term though hardly 
of the doctrine of Erastianism, was at the time of Arminius's 
stay connected with the University of Basel, dying on the last 
day of 1583. Had Lieber taught all that Erastianism has 
meant in the history of the Dutch and English polemics, 
biographers of Arminius would rind something very sig- 
nificant in this historical contact of the men from whom 
the terms Erastianism and Arminianism have respectively 
come. 

9 In the library at Basel are still found two large volumes of 
unpublished letters written by the learned men of his genera- 
tion to Gryna?us. One of these epistles was written by Ar- 
minius in 1591, but I learned of its existence too late to have 
the pleasure of its perusal. 

10 Polanus, an earnest disciple of Ramus, who afterward be- 
came a son-in-law to Grynseus, came to Basel in 1583, but 
whether in time to make the acquaintance of Arminius I do 
not know. 

11 Agrippa d'Aubigne, the illustrious sixteenth century rep- 
resentative of the family, had studied at Geneva before the 

A. 



50 In the Footsteps of Arminics — Notes. 

arrival of Arminius, but had run away, returning to France 
without permission in his thirteenth year. His romantic mar- 
riage was in 1583. After his final settlement in Geneva, in 
1620, he was employed to complete the fortifications of the 
city, and was called to Basel to plan a new system of defenses 
for that place. He brought to Geneva an illegitimate son, 
whom he called Nathan Engibaud — Nathan, after the prophet 
sent by God to remind David of his sin, and as a perpetual 
reminder of his own; Engibaud, because this was irregularly 
and anagrammatically composed of the constituent letters of 
the family name, D'Aubigne. From this Nathan the Geneva 
family is descended, to which, by his grandfather's marriage, 
Dr. Merle, the historian, belonged. 

12 The memorable refugee colony of English Puritans, 
including Knox, Coverdale, Whittingham, and so on, left 
Geneva to return to their native land in 1560, the year of 
Arminius's birth. The official register of the colony, however, 
is still preserved in the archives of the Hotel de Ville. An 
interesting account of it may be seen in the T)U)liotheca Sacra 
for July, 1862. Compare an article by Dr. Charles A. Briggs, 
entitled "An Ancient Type of Presbyterianism, " in The Inde- 
pendent (New York), July 5, 1888. Arminius afterward en- 
countered the Brownist refugees in Amsterdam. 

13 The eager interest with which Arminius first perused the 
writings of Ramus is not surprising. Milton was a more en- 
thusiastic disciple than Arminius. Cambridge was alive with 
the new ideas. Bologna offered Ramus its Professorship of 
Philosophy. Nearly every Protestant university in Switzer- 
land, Germany, and Holland had for years devoted adherents 
of " Ramism. 1 ' The latest original monograph upon the sys- 
tem well says: u The true place of Ramus is at the head of 
the precursors of modern philosophy. . . . Ruining scholasti- 
cism, he everywhere prepared the ways for a better philoso- 
phy." — Waddington, Ramus, Sa Vie, ses Ecrits et ses Opinions, 



Ln the Footsteps of Abminius — Notes. 51 

Paris, 1855, p. 307. Arminius discovered the incompleteness 
and the defects of the system sooner than most of his contem- 
poraries. 

14 The fine university bull ling at Padua is the one in which 

Zabarella lectured and Armiuius listened, having been begun 
1493, and finished 1552. In these days it is worthy of men- 
tion that more than two hundred years ago, namely, in 1084, 
this university not only graduated a woman, Elena Lucrezia 
Cornaro Piscopia, but also erected a fine statue to her memory. 
It still stands in its place of honor at the right of the grand 
staircase. 

15 From the university archives of Geneva it appears that 
Julius Pacius, who was Professor of Law 1580-1585, was also 
Professor of Philosophy 1582-1583. His abandonment of Ro- 
manism was about the time of his arrival in Geneva, and as lie 
had previously studied and taken his degree in Padua it may 
have been through his influence that Arminius conceived so 
ardent a desire to sit at the feet of Zabarella. Many, however, 
thronged to Padua of their own accord from Protestant coun- 
tries. Brandt says that when Arminius was there, ipse quoque 
Germanos quosdam noMles docuit Logicam. (Page 30.) Pacius, 
and not his Spanish successor, must have been the one dis- 
turbed by the lectures of Arminius in the spring or summer of 
1582. 

16 The passage is as follows: "Res admodum parva in mag- 
num certamen e.vcrevit apud principes artium Professores Jac ibum 
Zabarellam et Franciscum Piccolomineum, qui (writer contende- 
runt, voce scriptisque, utrum via et ratio doctrinm rectius proce- 
dat a rebus natura ipsa notis, an ah lis qua nobis notm sunt." In 
the same connection it was stated that three years before, 
which would be two years after the death of Jacobo, Sr., 
Zabarella had a quarrel with Petrella "de rebus logic is," which 
" nearly broke up the university.' 1 



52 In the Footsteps of Arminius — Notes. 

11 Two biographies of Arminius are published in America; 
the one a compilation by Dr. Nathan Bangs, published by 
Harper & Brothers, New York; the other, John Guthrie's 
translation of Brandt's Life of James Arminius, published by 
the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Nashville, Tenn. 

The churches in which Arminius preached in Amsterdam 
from 1588 till his election as professor at Leyden, 1603, are 
still standing and in use. By an anticipation, which I have 
never seen adequately noticed, the Dutch Reformed Church 
has always followed what Methodists would call " the circuit 
system " in all cities and towns having more than one congrega- 
tion. Arminius, therefore, was never pastor of a particular flock. 
His marriage to Elizabeth Reael, daughter of a distinguished 
Amsterdam judge and senator, occurred in the Oxide Kerh 
September 16, 1590. The house in which he here lived can- 
not now be determined further than that it was across the 
street from that of his friend, the Walloon or French Re- 
formed pastor, Taffinus. At Leyden, when professor, he is 
believed to have resided on the Rapenburg Canal, near the 
university, and but a few rods from the house which has been 
identified as the one owned and occupied by the Pilgrim 
pastor, John Robinson, 1611-1625. It is interesting to know 
that James Arminius and John Robinson are buried in the 
same church. Readers w T ho may desire light upon the rela- 
tions in later time between the developed theology of the Pil- 
grims and the teachings of Arminius will find curious and 
instructive particulars from the pen of the present writer in 
McClintock and Strong's Cyclopedia, vol. x, art. i { Theology, 
New England." 



THE END. 



Books for Children 

BY MRS. S. WORTHINGTON. 



UNDER THE APPLE-TREES. 

Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth. 
Price $1 

A well-written story for children, and a stoiy which inculcates 
excellent moral and religious lessons. It commends communion 
with Nature in her various moods, and shows how a beautiful re- 
ligious character can be developed in the midst of unfavorable con- 
ditions. The perusal of the book cannot fail to make a good im- 
pression upon the minds and hearts of the young. — Western Chris- 
tian Advocate. 



THE SUMMER AT HEARTSEASE. 

Illustrated. 12 mo, Cloth. 
Price 90 Cents, 

A beautiful story for children. It relates how two little girls 
spent a joyous summer at home while their parents were traveling 
abroad for their health. The games they played and the stories 
told them are all very happily blended. 



PHILLIPS & HUNT, Publishers, 805 Broadway, N. Y. 



DESIRABLE BOOKS 



BY 



Mark Guy Pearse. 



DANIEL QUORM AND HIS RELIGIOUS 
NOTIONS. 

Illustrated. 12mo. 

Cloth 80 Cents. 

Paper 25 Cents. 

JOHN TREGENOWETH. HIS MARK. 

Square 16 mo. 

Cloth 50 Cents. 

Paper 25 Cents. 



MISTER HORN AND HIS FRIENDS; OR, 
GIVERS AND GIVING. 

Illustrated. 12mo. 

Cloth 80 Cents. 

Paper.. 25 Cents. 

There is fascination in all the titles that Mark Guy Pearse selects for his 
books ; they are so quaint, and yet so direct.— Northern Christian Advocate. 



SOME ASPECTS OF THE BLESSED LIFE. 

16 mo. 

Cloth 75 Cents. 

Eleven delightful meditations make up this book. They are for hours of 
quiet devotion. There is nothing controversial in them. The peculiarities of 
the author's belief in holiness appear, but only in such shape as to call for per- 
fect trust by the sweetness of his illustrations. The chapters on " Conse- 
crated and Transformed," and "Trust the Secret of Rest" are worthy of 
frequent reading and remembrance.— Christian Union. 



PHILLIPS & HUNT, Publishers, 805 Broadway, N. Y. 



DESIRABLE BOOKS 

BY THE 

Rev. John M. Bam ford. 



FATHER FERVENT. 

18 illustrations. 12 mo. Cloth. 

Price 80 Cents. 

John Bamford is working along the same line as Mark Guy Pearse, and is 
doing a good work for English Methodism— the work of stirring up indifferent 
or backsliding Christians and encouraging the despondent. In this volume, 
which is the ablest, especially from the literary stand-point, in his entire list, 
he has appealed to class-leaders in particular to keep their vows, work out the 
plan under which they hold their appointments, and bless themselves in help- 
ing to keep alive the religious zeal of their fellow members. The story was 
written for English readers, whose system of church work is slightly different 
from our own, but it needs no alteration or interpretation to fit our own case. 
It is a powerful plea to those who almost kt don't believe in class-meetings" 
and all that. As a story it is intensely entertaining. It brings together a 
group of characters whom it is a delight to meet. We commend the book to 
our class-leaders and to all Christian people who feel that they ought to be do- 
ing a little more than they are at present doing for the Master.— Northern 
Christian Advocate. 

A tender, cheery, breezy book.— Methodist Recorder. 

Comes before us with delightful freshness.— Methodist Times. 



JOHN CONSCIENCE, OF KINGSEAL. 

18 illustrations. 12 mo. Cloth. 
Price 80 Cents. 

Those who have read Elias Power, of Ease-in-Zion, will know that John 
Conscience will be worth buying and worth reading, and worth lending to a 
friend who may not be able to buy one. Read it, and you will pray for a re- 
vival of old-time honesty, purity, and faithfulness. 

Fresh and bracing. . . . One of the best books that could be placed in the 
hands of a young man entering on business.— Tile Christian. 



ELIAS POWER, OF EASE-IN-ZION. 

17 illustrations. 12mo, Cloth. 

Price 80 Cents. 

"We know not who need to read it most— preachers or people. Perhaps 
if the pastor buys it first he will want to introduce it. and :f the layman gets 
it first he will see that his pastor has it. — Michigan Christian Advocate. 

Calculated to fire the heart of the sincere and to rebuke the formal and 
lukewarm.— Sword and Trowel. 



PHILLIPS & HUNT. Publishers, 8c* Broadway, N. Y. 



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